![]() ![]() Sponges are sessile filter feeders that are capable of turning over liters of water per day ( Hentschel et al., 2006). As the results demonstrate, when the extracted metabolites are compared with the background controls, SPME offers a non-exhaustive approach that can be used in the field to discover novel metabolites deriving from complex holobionts such as marine sponges. Following extraction, the samples were analyzed via GC- and LC-MS in order to verify the presence of compounds associated with quorum sensing, as well as to examine the metabolism of organic pollutants, such as monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and other bioactive compounds in an untargeted format. We used different types of SPME devices to extract exometabolites from sponges (genus: Sarcotragus) in situ. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a low-invasive and non-exhaustive technique that combines sampling and extraction into a single step and offers the added benefit of biocompatible extraction phases. ![]() Sponges hold considerable promise as bioindicators for seawater quality monitoring, as they are exposed to, and accumulate, significant levels of anthropogenic contamination in coastal areas. Some of these compounds are biomarkers that indicate the presence of bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with a host sponge (microsymbionts). These metabolites point to a diverse range of biochemical pathways. In marine ecosystems, sponges are ubiquitous sessile organisms that contain a wide range of specialized metabolites. 5Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece.4Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece.3Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.2Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.1Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland. ![]() Barbara Bojko 1,2†, Bora Onat 2†, Ezel Boyaci 2,3, Eleftheria Psillakis 4, Thanos Dailianis 5* and Janusz Pawliszyn 2* ![]()
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